Masafuera Rayadito

The Masafuera rayadito (Aphrastura masafuerae) is a Critically Endangered species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is endemic to Alejandro Selkirk Island (Isla Más Afuera, Outermost Island) in the Juan Fernández Islands of Chile.

The Masafuera rayadito is found only on Alejandro Selkirk Island in the Juan Fernández Archipelago, about 670 km (360 nmi; 420 mi) off the coast of Chile. It inhabits thick undergrowth in semi-humid to humid montane scrub and also wooded areas with much Dicksonia externa tree fern. It often occurs along streams, and often in stands of the canelo tree Drimys confertifolia. In elevation it usually occurs between 800 and 1,300 m (2,600 and 4,300 ft) but occasionally goes as low as 400 m (1,300 ft) in the austral winter.

The Masafuera rayadito is found only on Alejandro Selkirk Island in the Juan Fernández Archipelago, about 670 km (360 nmi; 420 mi) off the coast of Chile. It inhabits thick undergrowth in semi-humid to humid montane scrub and also wooded areas with much Dicksonia externa tree fern. It often occurs along streams, and often in stands of the canelo tree Drimys confertifolia. In elevation it usually occurs between 800 and 1,300 m (2,600 and 4,300 ft) but occasionally goes as low as 400 m (1,300 ft) in the austral winter.

The Masafuera rayadito's diet is not well known, but is probably mostly arthropods. It almost always forages in pairs, usually in the understorey but sometimes in leaf litter on the ground. It feeds often on ferns, sometimes hanging upside down as it gleans from fronds. It also hunts in moss and lichens on the canelo tree.

As of September 2023, neither xeno-canto nor the Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Macaulay Library had any recordings of Masafuera rayadito vocalizations. Its call is described as "a low churring 'trrrt' c. 1·2 seconds long, singly or repeated".

The Masafuear rayadito's breeding season includes at least December and January. It makes a nest of plant fibers in a natural cavity on a cliff face, and also in nest boxes provided by humans. The clutch size, incubation period, and time to fledging are not known. Both parents provision nestlings.

The Masafuera rayadito is 14 to 15 cm (5.5 to 5.9 in) long. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a poorly defined buff-brown supercilium on a dusky face. Their forehead is whitish with narrow rufous streaks and their crown is dark dusky brown. Their back is dull brown and their rump rufous-brown. Their wing coverts are blackish with tawny tips and their flight feathers are blackish with dull rufous bases. Their tail is mostly rufous with blackish bases on all but the central pair of feathers; the ends of the feathers lack barbs, giving a spiny appearance. Their throat is whitish, their breast and belly dull buffy gray-brown with a rufescent tinge, and their flanks and undertail coverts rufescent. Their iris is brown, their maxilla horn-brown or yellowish white with a horn tinge, their mandible yellowish horn, and their legs and feet horn-gray.

The Masafuera rayadito is monotypic. It shares genus Aphrastura with the thorn-tailed rayadito (M. spinicauda) of the South American mainland. They are thought to have diverged in the Pleistocene.